Some 16 Types Sources of Collection of Data
Sources of Collection of Data
There are many ways and means of obtaining information for writing a report but the source which is appropriate and provides material according to the topic should be chosen. There are basically two types of information sources:
(None-Documentary Sources of Information)
(Documentary Sources of Information)
All the information that is available in the form of books, letters, reports, etc. are called documentary sources of information. These publications are in the form of printed material. These include publications of semi-public and private institutions.
1: None-Documentary Sources of Information
All information that is not available in the form of books, letters and reports, etc., but is known through direct contact with individuals is called non-documentary information. For example, information obtained from experiments, questionnaires, interviews and mail is called non-documentary information.
Documented and non-documented sources and their descriptions are as follows:
1: Internal records of an office or a company
2: Library
3: Newspapers and magazines
4: Questionnaires
5: Interview (in person by telephone)
6: Observation
7: Research and experiments
8: Encyclopedia
9: Book year
10: Biography
11: Commercial Directorates
12: Official publications
13: Semi-official publications
14: Private Publications
1: Internal Record of Office or Company
Any work done in an organization or organization is usually in the form of written documents such as letters, memoranda, reports, agreements, record of conversations, official notes stored in files, etc. This record gives statistics for the last several years, whether it is about buying and selling, about distribution or about production. They can be compared and conclusions can be drawn. If you need information about the current job, that is, the work that is going on, you can get it by contacting the relevant department and if you need any old record, you can get the relevant information by contacting the store keeper. You can also get photocopies done at most institutions. Make a note of the identification number of the relevant information that you get with the help of store keeper so that in future if any information is ever needed, it will be easy for you to find it. You can also get answers by considering their answers.
2: Library
The library is one of the most important documentary sources for writing a report. The library is called the Store of Knowledge. The library helps the reader to collect material but to save time you should come up with a way to collect library materials.
The library usually has two parts.
Lending Section
Reference Section
Lending section Books are released to members from While in the Reference section there are only such books which are not issued but they can be read only by sitting in the library for guidance. These usually include weekly monthly magazines, dictionaries, encyclopedias, directories, year books catalogs, and more. There is a separate section or wardrobe for each topic. They are numbered and books are numbered. Inside the books there is also a card related to the book on which the date etc. is entered at the time of issue of the book. There are also libraries in various institutions, industries and organizations that can be used to get information. Provided you know how to find books from the library.
3: Personal Observation :
Observation means seeing an event or thing on the spot or justifying it. It is a source of direct information and thus the information you get leaves no room for doubt. Provided you write them in the report without exaggeration. Some reports are based on personal observation. For example, you may be asked to write a report on what you have experienced in the laboratory or in a report on what you are doing or an eyewitness account of an event. Answers to all these questions. You can only submit in writing if you have observed them. For this purpose it is necessary to prepare in advance and in connection with this preparation it is also necessary that you always have a notebook in which you keep writing important points daily so that you can come to work when needed or sometimes it is said. There were reports of a malfunction in a machine. So you can't write a report unless you have personally inspected / observed this machine and questioned the people concerned. Brief observation is the most important means of obtaining direct information in report writing through which it is possible to obtain factual information.
4: Interview :
Interview means talking to people through two-way conversation or meeting.
Interviewing is a skill through which you communicate with other people and get the information you need. Interviewer must have intelligence, patience, skill and politeness because it is not necessary that the information you need, Let the other person provide you with the exact same information. So do the interview keeping in mind the other person's observation and sensitivity. For this, it is first necessary to study the tendency of the other person's attention and interest. Then work from the bottom of the list eliminating issues that aren't worth the fight.
There are two types of interviews:
1) Personal interview with face to face interview
2) Interview by telephone
If you want to get general information from a few people whose answers are also short, you can get the required information by contacting them by telephone. This will save time and reduce travel hassles but often effective information is not available on the telephone or the person you want to contact is not available or the place is a long way away. The information will not be authentic either. You can get better information in a personal meeting. To do this, first divide your information into different points and prepare various questions related to the general aspects of the problem and take time from the interviewer and before the interview you introduce your organization and purpose which For this you need information. This is how you gather information.
5: Questionnaire :
A questionnaire is a written paper that consists of various questions related to the relevant topic to get information on which the answers to the questions have to be given on this paper. This tool is used to gather information when the required information is required from a large number of people. In this case personal interview is not appropriate as it requires a lot of time. In this case, the best and easiest way is the questionnaire. With this you can send thousands of questionnaires at low cost in a short time to get the required information but it takes a lot of effort to prepare because if If the correct and correct questions are asked then the required information will be obtained and finally the results will be obtained correctly but if care and diligence has not been taken while preparing the questionnaire then the required information will not be obtained and you will not get any result. Will not be able to take.
6: Newspapers and Magazines :
Newspapers and magazines are also a source of information. Various newspapers often publish research and technical articles written by people in the relevant field. These sciences consist of business and various types of state-of-the-art research and are a storehouse of the latest information. They can also be used for writing reports. You can either contact the library or purchase them in person. If you read them regularly, then briefly note down the information related to your department in the notebook, then it can come in handy when needed.
7: Experiment and Research :
The next step in gathering information is experimentation and research. There are many institutes in which research and experiments are done all the time and as a result the related items and formulas keep changing and some experiments also bring new items and information. The reports that are written in these institutions are based on experimental research and their findings. There are also many institutes in Pakistan whose aim is to conduct empirical research in related fields. For example, the Ayub Research Center conducts experiments on agricultural commodities. If you are writing an experimental report in an organization, you can use the previous reports of another relevant organization to prepare your report and validate your research.
8: Opinion Survey :
This is also a way of getting information through which the opinions of people related to a particular topic are collected. For this, the method of sampling is adopted. And conclusions are drawn. For example, if you want to know the effect of the increase in the price of burgers on the workers in the company's cafeteria, do not increase the price of anything other than burgers and take a look at it. This survey, which will include public opinion, is called a poll.
9: Catalogues/Phamplets :
Information related to various items especially machinery computer calculator etc. is found in the catalogs. These are usually found along with the items or the sellers send the information related to these items in the form of pamphlets to various organizations. Contains the properties of related items or information related to them. Such as item weight, size, price, performance and usage etc.
10: Encyclopaedia :
The best source of information is the encyclopedia. An encyclopedia is a book that contains comprehensive information about science and art. It is called the best source because it contains comprehensive and authentic information and the main purpose of writing the report is to deliver comprehensive and authentic information. Information can also be obtained from the encyclopedia for writing reports and obtaining information.
11: Year Book :
The book year would also be helpful for gaining information. This book contains information related to different walks of life in each country and this information is based on facts and contains statistics. In Pakistan, for example, a year book is published every year and basic information related to almost every department is recorded.
12: Trade Directories :
A business directory is a book that provides information about various businesses. It lists the relevant business name, address and nature. Contacts are made all over the world for import and export of goods and the main source of communication is directories.
13: Biographical Directories:
These directories are based on the biographies of eminent personalities belonging to different walks of life and shed light on their living conditions etc. If such information is required then help can be sought from the biographical directories.
14: Govt. Institutions Publications :
Information can also be gathered from publications of government agencies if required
Because the government publishes departmental publications every year, in addition to the year book. It includes reports on the state of agriculture, industry, economy, condition, national production, national income, expenditure, census, employment, education, health, population, various products and factories, etc.
15: Semi-Govt. Institutions Publications:
Information can also be gathered from this source. Apart from government agencies, semi-government agencies also publish information related to their agencies after a certain period of time. These institutions include Universities, Population Planning, WAPDA, Atomic Energy Commission, Railways, Pakistan Steel Mills etc. These agencies carry out research work and write books and reports on them. These publications can be found in public, general and specialized libraries. In addition, they can be found in the relevant departments or booksellers.
16: Private Publications:
Publications that a publisher or, in other words, a business publishes for profit are called private publications. It includes books related to various walks of life including a student and a person who gets relevant information from reading ordinary books. It also contains textbooks and public information.
In this way the needs of the student and the general reader are met without any difficulty or waste of time.
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